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Single sheets of graphene can also be rolled up to form carbon nanotubes. They are actually formed spontaneously when carbon is immersed in intense flames or arcs. If fact, even cavemen probably "made" these structures in their campfires. Indeed, the trick is how to sort them out from all the other forms of carbon that are created at the same time.
Nanotubes can be formed by rolls of single or double sheets of graphene. The sheets can also be joined so that rings run along a tube′s circumference or up it in twisting ( "chiral") spirals. (Click "Toggle Bonds" to see).
Because pi electron waves now run back upon themselves, electrical conduction depends upon the exact structure and diameter of the tube.
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